Operators in Java

 

Operators in Java

Java provides many types of operators which can be used according to the need. They are classified based on the functionality they provide. Some of the types
  • Unary Operator,
  • Arithmetic Operator,
  • Shift Operator,
  • Relational Operator,
  • Bitwise Operator,
  • Logical Operator,
  • Ternary Operator and
  • Assignment Operator.
 

Java Operator Precedence

Operator Type Category Precedence
Unary postfix expr++ expr--
prefix ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
Arithmetic multiplicative * / %
additive + -
Shift shift << >> >>>
Relational comparison < > <= >= instanceof
equality == !=
Bitwise bitwise AND &
bitwise exclusive OR ^
bitwise inclusive OR |
Logical logical AND &&
logical OR ||
Ternary ternary ? :
Assignment assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=
 

Java Unary Operator

The Java unary operators require only one operand. Unary operators are used to perform various operations i.e.:
  • incrementing/decrementing a value by one
  • negating an expression
  • inverting the value of a boolean
Unary operators need only one operand. They are used to increment, decrement or negate a value.
  • – :Unary minus, used for negating the values.
  • + :Unary plus, indicates positive value (numbers are positive without this, however). It performs an automatic conversion to int when the type of its operand is byte, char, or short. This is called unary numeric promotion.
  • ++ :Increment operator, used for incrementing the value by 1. There are two varieties of increment operator.
    • Post-Increment : Value is first used for computing the result and then incremented.
    • Pre-Increment : Value is incremented first and then result is computed.
  • — : Decrement operator, used for decrementing the value by 1. There are two varieties of decrement operator.
    • Post-decrement : Value is first used for computing the result and then decremented.
    • Pre-Decrement : Value is decremented first and then result is computed.
  • ! : Logical not operator, used for inverting a boolean value.

Java Unary Operator Example: ++ and --

class OperatorExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int x=10;

System.out.println(x++);//10 (11)

System.out.println(++x);//12

System.out.println(x--);//12 (11)

System.out.println(--x);//10

}}
 
Output: 
10
12
12
10

Java Unary Operator Example 2: ++ and --

class OperatorExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int a=10;

int b=10;

System.out.println(a++ + ++a);//10+12=22

System.out.println(b++ + b++);//10+11=21
}}
 
Output: 
22
21

Java Unary Operator Example: ~ and !

class OperatorExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int a=10;

int b=-10;

boolean c=true;

boolean d=false;

System.out.println(~a);//-11 (minus of total positive value which starts from 0)

System.out.println(~b);//9 (positive of total minus, positive starts from 0)

System.out.println(!c);//false (opposite of boolean value)

System.out.println(!d);//true

}}
 
Output: 
-11
9
false
true

Java Arithmetic Operators

Java arithmatic operators are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They act as basic mathematical operations. They are used to perform simple arithmetic operations on primitive data types.
  • * : Multiplication
  • / : Division
  • % : Modulo
  • + : Addition
  • – : Subtraction

Java Arithmetic Operator Example

class OperatorExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int a=10;

int b=5;

System.out.println(a+b);//15

System.out.println(a-b);//5

System.out.println(a*b);//50

System.out.println(a/b);//2

System.out.println(a%b);//0

}}
 
Output: 
15
5
50
2
0

Java Arithmetic Operator Example: Expression

class OperatorExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

System.out.println(10*10/5+3-1*4/2);

}}
Output: 
21

Java Left Shift Operator

The Java left shift operator << is used to shift all of the bits in a value to the left side of a specified number of times.

Java Left Shift Operator Example

class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(10<<2);//10*2^2=10*4=40
System.out.println(10<<3);//10*2^3=10*8=80
System.out.println(20<<2);//20*2^2=20*4=80
System.out.println(15<<4);//15*2^4=15*16=240
}}
 
Output: 
40
80
80
240

Java Right Shift Operator

The Java right shift operator >> is used to move left operands value to right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Java Right Shift Operator Example

class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(10>>2);//10/2^2=10/4=2
System.out.println(20>>2);//20/2^2=20/4=5
System.out.println(20>>3);//20/2^3=20/8=2
}}
Output: 
2
5
2

Java Shift Operator Example: >> vs >>>

class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(10<<2);//10*2^2=10*4=40
System.out.println(10<<3);//10*2^3=10*8=80
System.out.println(20<<2);//20*2^2=20*4=80
System.out.println(15<<4);//15*2^4=15*16=240
}}
 
Output: 
5
5
-5
1073741819

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && and Bitwise &

The logical && operator doesn't check second condition if first condition is false. It checks second condition only if first one is true. The bitwise & operator always checks both conditions whether first condition is true or false. 
class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a=10;
int b=5;
int c=20;
System.out.println(a<b&&a<c);//false && true = false
System.out.println(a<b&a<c);//false & true = false
}}
 
Output: 
false
false

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && vs Bitwise &

class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a=10;
int b=5;
int c=20;
System.out.println(a<b&&a++<c);//false && true = false
System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not checked
System.out.println(a<b&a++<c);//false && true = false
System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checked
}}
 
Output: 
false
10
false
11

Java OR Operator Example: Logical || and Bitwise |

The logical || operator doesn't check second condition if first condition is true. It checks second condition only if first one is false. The bitwise | operator always checks both conditions whether first condition is true or false. 
class OperatorExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a=10;
int b=5;
int c=20;
System.out.println(a>b||a<c);//true || true = true
System.out.println(a>b|a<c);//true | true = true
//|| vs |
System.out.println(a>b||a++<c);//true || true = true
System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not checked
System.out.println(a>b|a++<c);//true | true = true
System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checked
}}
 
Output: 
true
true
true
10
true
11

Java Ternary Operator

Java Ternary operator is used as one liner replacement for if-then-else statement and used a lot in Java programming. it is the only conditional operator which takes three operands.

Java Ternary Operator Example

class OperatorExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ int a=2; int b=5; int min=(a<b)?a:b; System.out.println(min); }}
Output: 
2
Another Example:
class OperatorExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ int a=10; int b=5; int min=(a<b)?a:b; System.out.println(min); }}
Output: 
5

Java Assignment Operator

Java assignment operator is one of the most common operator. It is used to assign the value on its right to the operand on its left.

Java Assignment Operator Example

class OperatorExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ int a=10; int b=20; a+=4;//a=a+4 (a=10+4) b-=4;//b=b-4 (b=20-4) System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); }}
Output: 
14
16

Java Assignment Operator Example

class OperatorExample{ public static void main(String[] args){ int a=10; a+=3;//10+3 System.out.println(a); a-=4;//13-4 System.out.println(a); a*=2;//9*2 System.out.println(a); a/=2;//18/2 System.out.println(a); }}
Output: 
13
9
18
9

Java Assignment Operator Example: Adding short

  1. class OperatorExample{
  2. public static void main(String args[]){
  3. short a=10;
  4. short b=10;
  5. //a+=b;//a=a+b internally so fine
  6. a=a+b;//Compile time error because 10+10=20 now int
  7. System.out.println(a);
  8. }}
Output: 
Compile time error
After type cast:
  1. class OperatorExample{
  2. public static void main(String args[]){
  3. short a=10;
  4. short b=10;
  5. a=(short)(a+b);//20 which is int now converted to short
  6. System.out.println(a);
  7. }}
Output: 
20
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